A classified military wargame has revealed that the United States Air Force lacks the firepower to prevent a Chinese takeover of Taiwan by 2035, exposing a dangerous capability gap that three decades of budget cuts and strategic miscalculation have created.
Story Snapshot
- The Mitchell Institute wargame concluded that current Air Force modernization plans cannot sustain operations against a Chinese invasion of Taiwan in 2035
- Ground-based Chinese missile attacks cause more aircraft losses than air-to-air combat, with attrition rates exceeding the Air Force’s capacity to replace losses
- Thirty years of combat aircraft inventory reductions have left the service structurally unable to defend Taiwan under realistic scenarios
- The exercise involved 60 participants including Air Force personnel, industry officials, and allied representatives simulating a three-phase conflict
- Twelve specific recommendations target force structure changes including increased procurement of B-21 bombers and F-47 fighters
The Grim Reality Behind the Numbers
The Air Force Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies released its unclassified wargame report on April 9, 2026, delivering a sobering message to Pentagon planners and policymakers alike. Approximately 60 participants—including active-duty airmen, defense contractors, and allied military representatives—simulated a 2035 Taiwan defense scenario across three escalating phases: initial deployment and deterrence, active defense against invasion, and protracted conflict. The conclusion cuts through decades of optimistic Pentagon assessments: America’s air combat power cannot sustain the operational tempo required to repel a determined Chinese assault on Taiwan.
The wargame methodology marks a critical departure from previous exercises. A 2020 Air Force Warfighting Integration Capability wargame showed the United States defending Taiwan successfully, but only by deploying notional future technologies not yet in production or funded through defense budgets. That pyrrhic victory confined Chinese forces after massive American losses. The 2026 Mitchell Institute exercise rejected hypothetical capabilities, instead assessing actual planned modernization trajectories against realistic threat scenarios. The result exposes an uncomfortable truth: the gap between Pentagon aspirations and fiscal reality threatens America’s ability to honor security commitments in the Indo-Pacific.
How China Wins Without Dogfights
The wargame identified attrition as the dominant operational constraint, but not from the aerial dogfights that populate Hollywood scripts. Ground-based Chinese missile attacks destroyed more American aircraft than air-to-air combat, exploiting a fundamental vulnerability in U.S. force projection. Both the blue team representing U.S. and allied forces and the red team simulating Chinese operations reached the same conclusion: neither side could sustain operations in protracted conflict because attrition rates exceeded aircraft availability. Chinese missiles targeting concentrated American bases in Japan and Guam can destroy up to 90 percent of parked aircraft during opening conflict phases.
The deployment dilemma creates an impossible choice for American commanders. Forward deployment to first-island-chain bases provides the range necessary to reach Taiwan, but exposes aircraft to devastating Chinese missile strikes. Rear deployment to safer locations like Australia, Hawaii, or Alaska reduces effectiveness and slashes sortie generation rates. During the wargame’s opening phase, the People’s Liberation Army maintained air supremacy over the Taiwan Strait for three days while U.S. forces scrambled with limited Navy Super Hornets, Marine Corps F-35Bs, and Taiwanese aircraft. This air superiority window would prove decisive in any actual conflict.
Three Decades of Cuts Catch Up
Mark Gunzinger, a key Mitchell Institute analyst, traced current capability gaps directly to structural decisions rather than tactical failures. Year after year for thirty years, the Air Force reduced combat aircraft inventories, prioritizing technological sophistication over numerical strength. This strategy assumed that advanced platforms could compensate for smaller fleets, but the wargame demolished that assumption. Chinese integrated air defense systems and long-range precision missile capabilities have evolved faster than American procurement cycles, creating asymmetries that favor Beijing’s geographic and numerical advantages over Taiwan.
The Taiwan Strait represents one of the world’s most strategically vital regions, with the island producing over 60 percent of global semiconductors and controlling major shipping lanes. China views Taiwan’s unification as a core national interest, while the United States maintains security commitments through the Taiwan Relations Act. The 2035 timeframe matters because current procurement decisions directly determine force composition when these commitments face their severest test. Japan’s Mitsubishi F-X sixth-generation fighter enters service that year, and the Air Force plans to field Collaborative Combat Aircraft—unmanned autonomous escorts—as force multipliers.
When Political Collapse Beats Military Victory
One wargame scenario revealed a disturbing possibility that military planners rarely discuss publicly. Despite U.S. Army airborne divisions achieving tactical successes by day 24 of the conflict, massive damage to Taiwan and the capture of Republic of China political leaders forced Taipei’s capitulation. Military outcomes become irrelevant when the government you’re defending ceases to exist. This scenario underscores a harsh reality: Taiwan’s political resilience matters as much as American firepower, and neither can be taken for granted under the catastrophic conditions a Chinese invasion would create.
The Mitchell Institute delivered twelve specific recommendations to rebuild Air Force capacity, including procuring additional B-21 Raider bombers and F-47 fighters, improving air base defenses against missile attacks, balancing long-range and organic kill chains, and fielding mixed space-based and air-based intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems. These prescriptions focus on force structure transformation rather than tactical adjustments, acknowledging that operational ingenuity cannot overcome numerical insufficiency. The recommendations carry immediate implications for fiscal 2027-2030 defense budgets, with potential to reshape Pentagon spending priorities if policymakers take the findings seriously.
A Wargame Just Showed the U.S. Losing Taiwan to China by 2035. The U.S. Air Force Doesn’t Have Enough Planes to Stop It (by @jackbuckby) https://t.co/rwNmxPQnzv
— 19FortyFive (@19_forty_five) April 10, 2026
Allied participation emerged as critical to any viable defense scenario. Japan hosts forward U.S. bases essential for force projection, yet these same installations become primary Chinese targets in conflict. The Japan Air Self-Defense Force operates 38 F-35 fighters with over 100 more planned, and Japanese cooperation provides operational depth that American forces cannot generate alone. Without Japanese basing and air support, U.S. force projection becomes severely constrained. South Korea, Australia, and other Indo-Pacific partners face similar decisions about the risks and necessities of supporting Taiwan’s defense, creating alliance dynamics that could reshape regional security architecture.
The Path Forward Requires Honest Assessment
The wargame’s conclusions challenge comfortable assumptions about American military dominance. Technological superiority alone cannot overcome structural deficiencies when adversaries exploit geographic advantages and asymmetric capabilities. Former Secretary Kendall’s proposal for 1,000 Collaborative Combat Aircraft could provide affordable mass to counter Chinese numerical advantages, but these systems remain in development with unproven effectiveness in actual combat. The gap between experimental concepts and operational reality grows more dangerous as China’s modernization continues unabated. Taiwan’s fate may ultimately depend on whether Pentagon procurement cycles can match the urgency that wargame scenarios reveal.
Sources:
New Wargame Assessed USAF Force Mixes for a China Fight – Air and Space Forces Magazine
Cratering Effects: Chinese Missile Threats to US Air Bases in the Indo-Pacific – Stimson Center
Today’s Air Force Insufficient to Counter China, Report Finds – National Defense Magazine









